mindmap root((惊讶)) surprise stresses the causing of surprise, amazement, or wonder through being unexpected or unanticipated at a particular time or place: ~d to find his mother in a bar. astonish implies a surprising so great as to seem incredible: the young player ~ed the chess masters. astound stresses a stunning or overwhelming emotional effect resulting from unprecedented or unbelievable but true occurrences: news of the atomic bomb ~ed every one. amaze suggests an effect of bewilderment, perplexity, or wonder: ~d by the immense size of the place. （bewilder: to confuse使人迷惑如bewildered by city life面对城市生活感到迷茫，perplex表示让人疑惑担心犹豫，多指不好的事情，如her change of personality perplexed her friends她性格的变化让朋友疑惑担心，没有采用） flabbergast may suggest a dumbfounding astonishment and bewilderment or dismay: ~ed by his daughter's precocious comments.